Uses: Intestinal parasites, bitter tonic
Preparation: Tea, tincture (short-term only)
Safety: Not for pregnancy; use under guidance

Uses: Intestinal worms, fungal infections
Preparation: Tincture, capsules
Safety: Potent; do not use long-term or in pregnancy

Uses: Kills parasite eggs, antifungal
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: Avoid oil internally except in tiny doses

Uses: Broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antiparasitic
Preparation: Raw, capsules
Safety: Blood thinning in excess

Uses: Parasites, skin, blood detox
Preparation: Powder, tea, oil (external)
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy; use internal doses carefully

Uses: Amoebas, protozoa, gut infections
Preparation: Tincture, capsules (short-term)
Safety: Endangered; use sparingly

Uses: Tapeworms, pinworms, nutrition
Preparation: Eaten raw, powder
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Worms, digestive stimulant
Preparation: Decoction, tincture
Safety: Very bitter; short-term use

Uses: Roundworms, hookworms
Preparation: Fresh herb, tea (very short-term)
Safety: Toxic in large doses—traditional use only

Uses: Tapeworm, dysentery
Preparation: Decoction
Safety: Short-term use only

Uses: Immune modulation, allergies, asthma, digestive health, anti-inflammatory, skin conditions, hair growth, blood sugar support.
Preparation: Cold-pressed oil (by teaspoon), raw seeds, capsules. Topical use for skin/scalp.
Safety: Generally very safe; start with low dose. Caution in pregnancy (especially oil). May lower blood sugar and blood pressure.

Uses: Immune modulation, allergies, asthma, digestive health, anti-inflammatory, skin conditions, hair growth, blood sugar support.
Preparation: Cold-pressed oil (by teaspoon), raw seeds, capsules. Topical use for skin/scalp.
Safety: Generally very safe; start with low dose. Caution in pregnancy (especially oil). May lower blood sugar and blood pressure.

Uses: Heart health, anti-inflammatory, digestive aid, skin, hair.
Preparation: Extra-virgin, food, topical.
Safety: Very safe; use cold-pressed for most benefits.

Uses: Antimicrobial, skin and hair care, digestion, energy.
Preparation: Virgin oil for food/topical use.
Safety: High in saturated fat; best used in moderation.

Uses: Omega-3s, inflammation, heart, hormones.
Preparation: Cold-pressed, never heated.
Safety: Refrigerate; goes rancid quickly.

Uses: Laxative (internal, rare), hair, joints, skin packs (topical).
Preparation: Oil packs, massage.
Safety: Do not use internally in pregnancy; topical use is generally safe.

Uses: Ayurvedic massage (abhyanga), antioxidant, oral health (oil pulling), skin.
Preparation: Warmed for massage, raw for food.
Safety: Safe for most; check for allergies.

Uses: Prostate, urinary, hair, skin, heart.
Preparation: Cold-pressed oil.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Hair, skin, culinary in Morocco.
Preparation: Cosmetic and culinary grades.
Safety: Very safe; best cold-pressed, unrefined.

Uses: Immune modulation, allergies, asthma, digestive health, anti-inflammatory, skin conditions, hair growth, blood sugar support.
Preparation: Cold-pressed oil (by teaspoon), raw seeds, capsules. Topical use for skin/scalp.
Safety: Generally very safe; start with low dose. Caution in pregnancy (especially oil). May lower blood sugar and blood pressure.

Uses: Healing wounds, cough, digestion, general health.
Preparation: Raw/local preferred; topical and internal.
Safety: Avoid in children under 1 year (botulism risk).

Uses: Food, oil for health and anointing, skin.
Preparation: Cold-pressed oil, fruit.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Nourishment, strength, laxative, anemia, labor support (rutab/dates for childbirth).
Preparation: Eat fresh or dried.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Detox, headaches, pain, blood stagnation.
Preparation: Wet cupping (with blood), dry cupping.
Safety: Professional application only.

Uses: Constipation, laxative.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Not for long-term use; dehydration.

Uses: Digestive, appetite, food preservation.
Preparation: Food, dilution for tonic.
Safety: Acidic; dilute before drinking.

Uses: Grief, sadness, nourishment, digestion.
Preparation: Cooked as porridge (talbina).
Safety: Gluten.

Uses: Oral hygiene, antibacterial.
Preparation: Chew stick, brushing.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Incense, ritual, anti-inflammatory, meditation, wounds.
Preparation: Resin burned or used as oil.
Safety: Generally safe (not for internal use during pregnancy).

Uses: Wounds, perfume, embalming, mouthwash.
Preparation: Resin, oil.
Safety: Do not use internally in pregnancy.

Uses: Cleansing, expectorant, ritual.
Preparation: Tea, wash, oil.
Safety: Avoid oil internally.

Uses: Skin healing, burns, wounds, digestive.
Preparation: Gel, juice.
Safety: Latex is a strong laxative; gel is generally safe.

Uses: Wounds, anti-inflammatory, perfume.
Preparation: Resin, oil.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Antimicrobial, wood, oil, incense.
Preparation: Oil, wood, incense.
Safety: Oil potent; use with care.

Uses: Food, digestive, skin poultice.
Preparation: Fresh, dried, poultice.
Safety: Sap may irritate skin.

Uses: Food, digestion, poultice, seed of faith.
Preparation: Food, compress.
Safety: External use only for poultice.

Uses: Food, nourishment.
Preparation: Bread, porridge.
Safety: Gluten.

Uses: Food, symbol of fertility, anti-parasite.
Preparation: Fresh, juice, rind for medicinal.
Safety: Rind: short-term use.

Uses: Euphoria, sleep, ritual, aphrodisiac.
Preparation: Tea, tincture, perfume.
Safety: Not for pregnancy; use in moderation.

Uses: Incense, wound healing, rituals, embalming.
Preparation: Resin, oil.
Safety: External use in pregnancy.

Uses: Skin, embalming, burns.
Preparation: Gel, sap.
Safety: Gel is generally safe.

Uses: Writing, boats, food (roots), symbolism.
Preparation: Paper, root, young shoots.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Strength, infections, food.
Preparation: Raw, cooked.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Food, protection, heart, immune.
Preparation: Food, poultice.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Staple food, beer, porridge.
Preparation: Cooked, brewed.
Safety: Gluten.

Uses: Laxative, lamp oil, skin.
Preparation: Oil (external/topical use).
Safety: Seeds highly toxic if ingested whole.

Uses: Massage (abhyanga), oil pulling, skin, joints.
Preparation: Warmed oil, infused for herbal oils.
Safety: Very safe, check for allergies.

Uses: Brain, nerves, hair, scalp, stress.
Preparation: Oil infused with Bacopa or Gotu Kola.
Safety: Very safe for external use.

Uses: Joint pain, arthritis, inflammation.
Preparation: Complex herbal oil blend for massage.
Safety: For external use.

Uses: Skin, scalp, antifungal, lice.
Preparation: Oil from seeds; external use.
Safety: Not for internal use (except under guidance).

Uses: Cooling massage, hair, skin, cooking.
Preparation: Virgin oil, sometimes infused.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Hair growth, scalp health, cooling.
Preparation: Oil infused with Eclipta alba.
Safety: Very safe, external use.

Uses: Muscle strength, vata disorders, calming.
Preparation: Root infused in oil.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Nasal application for clarity, sinuses, brain, calming.
Preparation: Medicated oil (sesame base) for nasal drops.
Safety: Use under guidance.

Uses: Anointing, relaxation, spiritual rituals, calming nerves.
Preparation: Distilled oil from root/rhizome.
Safety: Generally very safe.

Uses: Meditation, skin healing, anti-inflammatory, sacred fragrance.
Preparation: Steam-distilled heartwood oil.
Safety: Very safe, use sparingly due to endangered status.

Uses: Heart, skin, depression, sacred perfume.
Preparation: Steam-distilled petals.
Safety: Non-toxic, highly concentrated.

Uses: Sacred fragrance, aphrodisiac, perfumery.
Preparation: Traditionally animal-derived (now often botanical/synthetic).
Safety: Traditional animal musk is not ethical/available; use plant-based alternatives.

Uses: Calming, aphrodisiac, spiritual perfume.
Preparation: Extracted from fossilized tree resin or synthetically.
Safety: Use genuine or safe synthetic; external use only.

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, pain relief, shamanic ceremonies.
Preparation: Tapped from Amazonian tree resin.
Safety: Generally safe; avoid excess internal use.

Uses: Spiritual awakening, relaxation, skin care.
Preparation: Extracted from flowers (absolute or oil infusion).
Safety: Very safe, for external use.

Uses: Skin care, anti-aging, protective oil.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from marula tree kernels.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Skin, scalp, anti-aging, massage.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from seeds.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Skin health, anti-inflammatory, nutrition.
Preparation: Cold-pressed oil.
Safety: Non-psychoactive; very safe.

Uses: Purification, ceremonial incense, antimicrobial.
Preparation: Steam-distilled wood oil.
Safety: External use only; avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Sacred incense, perfume, spiritual ceremonies.
Preparation: Distilled from resinous heartwood.
Safety: Use in moderation; precious and concentrated.

Uses: Ancient incense, anointing, wound healing, spiritual protection.
Preparation: Steam-distilled resin.
Safety: Potent aroma; for external use.

Uses: Perfume, incense, respiratory soothing, ritual.
Preparation: Resin, absolute.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Spiritual incense, skin healing, meditation.
Preparation: Steam-distilled resin.
Safety: Generally safe, external use.

Uses: Cleansing, energy clearing, meditation, insect repellent.
Preparation: Steam-distilled from heartwood.
Safety: Use sustainably; avoid overharvest.

Uses: Perfume, cough relief, ritual incense.
Preparation: Resin, absolute.
Safety: Use externally or for aroma only.

Uses: Meditation, calming, perfumery.
Preparation: Steam-distilled wood.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Ayurvedic incense, perfumery, skin, digestion.
Preparation: Steam-distilled from roots.
Safety: External use; use with care in blends.

Uses: Insect repellent, wound healing, ceremonial.
Preparation: Distilled from flowers.
Safety: Dilute for topical use; strong scent.

Uses: Mood, skin, ceremonial anointing.
Preparation: Infused oil, essence.
Safety: Rare, potent, use sparingly.

Uses: Purification, breathing, pain relief, rituals.
Preparation: Distilled from camphor tree wood.
Safety: External use; toxic in large doses.

Uses: Skin regeneration, anti-inflammatory, hair care.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from seeds.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Wound healing, scars, skin problems, anti-inflammatory.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from nuts.
Safety: Nut allergy caution.

Uses: Insect repellent, pain relief, skin.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from Amazonian tree nuts.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Skin soothing, sunburn, hair.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from Hawaiian kukui nuts.
Safety: Nut allergy caution.

Uses: Skin healing, hair health, wound care.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from Amazonian seeds.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Skin rejuvenation, rich in Vitamin E and retinol.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from Amazonian nuts.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Skin healing, burns, immune, omega fatty acids.
Preparation: Oil from seeds or berries.
Safety: Orange color may stain.

Uses: Skin, pain relief, lamp oil, edible in tribal India.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from seeds.
Safety: External or food grade only.

Uses: Food, skin, heart health.
Preparation: Cold-pressed.
Safety: Nut allergy.

Uses: Hair care, skin, traditional cuisine in Brazil.
Preparation: Pressed from fruit pulp.
Safety: Edible; strong taste.

Uses: Skin and hair care, fragrant body oil.
Preparation: Tiare (gardenia) flowers infused in coconut oil.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Skin moisture barrier, hair gloss, cosmetics.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from seeds.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Calming, skin, light hair oil.
Preparation: Cold-pressed from seeds.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Ceremonial magick, consecration, Thelemic and Hermetic rituals.
Preparation: Blend of olive oil, cinnamon, myrrh, galangal.
Safety: Contains potent spices; external use only.

Uses: Hoodoo/Louisiana conjure for luck, cleansing, success.
Preparation: Lemongrass, vetiver, citronella, and herbs in a carrier oil.
Safety: External use; do not ingest.

Uses: Protection spells, banishing negativity.
Preparation: Rue, angelica, black pepper, ginger, and essential oils.
Safety: External use; some ingredients can irritate skin.

Uses: Harmony, family unity, home blessing.
Preparation: Lavender, rosemary, rose, sandalwood oils.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Power, protection, love spells, energy.
Preparation: Dragon’s blood resin infused in oil, with essential oils.
Safety: May stain; external use.

Uses: Female empowerment, attraction, court cases.
Preparation: Orris root infused in oil, sometimes with rose or gardenia.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Attract love, passion, friendship.
Preparation: Rose, jasmine, patchouli, orris root, and sweet carrier oil.
Safety: External use only.

Uses: Prosperity, luck, business.
Preparation: Patchouli, bay leaf, cinnamon, and carrier oil.
Safety: External use; cinnamon can be irritating.

Uses: Divination, lucid dreaming, psychic opening.
Preparation: Infused oil, sometimes with essential oil.
Safety: Not for use in pregnancy; external use.

Uses: Success, academic and career achievement.
Preparation: Bay laurel, orange, frankincense, and essential oils.
Safety: External use only.

Uses: Luck, power, overcoming obstacles.
Preparation: High John root infused in oil, often with cedar or pine.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Banishing, ritual protection, warding.
Preparation: Blend of frankincense, myrrh, rue, rosemary, and other herbs.
Safety: External use only.

Uses: Temple ritual, relaxation, dream work.
Preparation: Blended resins, wine, honey, spices, and herbs.
Safety: For burning or external use.

Uses: Anointing, love, meditation, Sufi ritual.
Preparation: Steam-distilled rose petals, sometimes with sandalwood.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Cleansing, blessing, spiritual work, ancestor offerings.
Preparation: Alcohol, essential oils of citrus, lavender, spice.
Safety: External use only.

Uses: Deepening meditations, aphrodisiac, spiritual allure.
Preparation: Natural ambergris tincture or synthetic alternative.
Safety: Modern blends use ethical/synthetic sources.

Uses: Grounding, elegance, ritual glamour.
Preparation: Oakmoss, citrus, labdanum, patchouli blend.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Meditation, yoga, spiritual awakening.
Preparation: Sandalwood and plumeria (frangipani) flowers.
Safety: For incense burning or external fragrance.

Uses: Spiritual energy, attraction, longevity.
Preparation: Synthetic or botanical musk blends.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Vitality, confidence, solar rituals.
Preparation: Infused with frankincense, bay, rosemary, St. John’s wort.
Safety: External use only.

Uses: Intuition, dreams, feminine mysteries.
Preparation: Jasmine, camphor, myrrh, sandalwood.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Communication, study, speed, travel.
Preparation: Lavender, marjoram, dill, mint.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Love, beauty, pleasure, attraction.
Preparation: Rose, jasmine, ylang-ylang, vanilla.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Strength, courage, conflict, protection.
Preparation: Ginger, cinnamon, black pepper, garlic.
Safety: Test for skin sensitivity.

Uses: Luck, growth, legal success, wisdom.
Preparation: Nutmeg, oak moss, sage, cedar.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Boundaries, protection, banishing.
Preparation: Patchouli, myrrh, vetiver, cypress.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Alchemical elixir, energetic enhancement (historic/mystical use).
Preparation: Alchemically prepared with purified gold and herbal essences.
Safety: Not for casual use; seek professional guidance.

Uses: Purification, transformation, philosophical medicine.
Preparation: Spagyric process with metallic antimony and plant matter.
Safety: Antimony is toxic; for symbolic/ritual use only.

Uses: Planetary magic, initiatory rites.
Preparation: Infused with herbs, resins, and trace metals for all seven planets.
Safety: For ritual anointing, not ingestion.

Uses: Mystical transmutation, legendary immortality, inner awakening.
Preparation: Allegorical, made from "quintessence" and alchemical processes.
Safety: Symbolic and spiritual, not a physical formula.

Uses: Vitality, clarity, solar magic.
Preparation: Alcoholic extract and oil of solar herbs, prepared during solar hours.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Dreamwork, intuition, feminine mysteries.
Preparation: Extract and oil of lunar herbs, prepared during the full moon.
Safety: External use.

Uses: Calming, anxiety, insomnia, stomach upset.
Preparation: Tea, compresses.
Safety: Avoid if allergic to ragweed.

Uses: Relaxation, mild anxiety, viral infections.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Generally safe, mild.

Uses: Stress relief, insomnia, headaches.
Preparation: Tea, aromatherapy, topical.
Safety: May irritate skin.

Uses: Sleep aid, nervous restlessness.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Generally safe, may cause drowsiness.

Uses: Sleep, anxiety, muscle relaxation.
Preparation: Tea, tincture, capsule.
Safety: May cause drowsiness.

Uses: Calms nerves, mild pain, stress.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Safe in moderation.

Uses: Insomnia, restlessness.
Preparation: Tea, pillows.
Safety: May cause drowsiness.

Uses: Sleep, anxiety.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Mild, safe.

Uses: Stress, tension, muscle relaxant.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Bitter, avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Nerves, anxiety, heart palpitations.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Gentle relaxant, digestive upsets, children’s colic.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Safe for kids.

Uses: Cognitive, stress relief, memory.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Mild, safe.

Uses: Calm, focus, brain tonic.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Avoid high doses in pregnancy.

Uses: Stress, anxiety, adaptogen.
Preparation: Capsules, powder.
Safety: Avoid with hyperthyroid.

Uses: Anxiety, stress, sleep.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: May affect liver, use with caution.

Uses: Mild depression, mood.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Interacts with many meds, sun sensitivity.

Uses: Nausea, digestion, colds, pain.
Preparation: Fresh/dried root in teas, food.
Safety: Safe; high doses may thin blood.

Uses: Indigestion, nausea, headache.
Preparation: Tea, oil.
Safety: Oil is potent; not for infants.

Uses: Bloating, colic, digestion.
Preparation: Tea, chewed seeds.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Bitter, liver, diuretic.
Preparation: Tea, salad greens, root coffee.
Safety: Mild diuretic effect.

Uses: Digestion, colic, calming.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: As above.

Uses: Ulcers, sore throat, cough.
Preparation: Tea, lozenges.
Safety: Avoid high doses/long-term (blood pressure risk).

Uses: Gas, breath, digestion.
Preparation: Tea, chew seeds.
Safety: Safe in food amounts.

Uses: Gas, flavoring.
Preparation: Tea, food.
Safety: Safe for most.

Uses: Sore throat, reflux.
Preparation: Lozenges, gruel.
Safety: Drink with water.

Uses: Appetite, bloating, indigestion.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Bitter, appetite stimulant.
Preparation: Tincture, bitters.
Safety: Potent, use with caution.

Uses: Mild laxative, iron, bitter.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: May cause loose stool.

Uses: Liver, digestion, gallbladder.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Use only short term, not for pregnancy.

Uses: Bitter tonic, stimulate appetite.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: May cause stomach upset.

Uses: Carminative, absorption enhancer.
Preparation: Food.
Safety: Generally safe in food amounts.

Uses: Prevention/shorten colds/flu.
Preparation: Tea, tincture, capsule.
Safety: Safe, rare allergy.

Uses: Cold/flu, antiviral.
Preparation: Syrup, tea.
Safety: Raw berries toxic, cook before use.

Uses: Immunity, recovery.
Preparation: Decoction, soup.
Safety: Avoid during fever.

Uses: Acute cold/flu, antiviral.
Preparation: Tablets, tincture.
Safety: Bitter, avoid pregnancy.

Uses: Antimicrobial, cholesterol.
Preparation: Food, capsules.
Safety: Odor, blood thinning.

Uses: Antiviral, blood pressure.
Preparation: Capsules, tea.
Safety: May lower blood pressure.

Uses: Antiviral, antibacterial.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Oil is very strong.

Uses: Immune, adaptogen, longevity.
Preparation: Capsules, tea.
Safety: Very safe, mild GI upset.

Uses: Immunity, antiviral, cancer support.
Preparation: Capsules, food.
Safety: Very safe, mild GI upset.

Uses: Immune modulation.
Preparation: Capsules, decoction.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Immunity, antioxidant.
Preparation: Decoction, capsules.
Safety: Mild, rare allergy.

Uses: Liver, stress, immunity.
Preparation: Berry, tincture.
Safety: Mild, safe.

Uses: Energy, immunity, memory.
Preparation: Capsules, decoction.
Safety: Can raise BP, stimulating.

Uses: Immunity, vitamin C.
Preparation: Food, capsules.
Safety: Very safe.

Uses: Immune support, liver.
Preparation: TCM decoction.
Safety: Mild, avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Inflammation, joint pain.
Preparation: Food, capsules, tea.
Safety: Avoid large doses with gallstones.

Uses: Pain, headache, fever.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Avoid with aspirin allergy.

Uses: Arthritis, pain.
Preparation: Capsule, decoction.
Safety: Caution in ulcers, pregnancy.

Uses: Inflammation, joint pain.
Preparation: Capsule, tincture.
Safety: Mild GI upset.

Uses: Headache, pain.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Avoid with aspirin allergy.

Uses: Pain, mild sedative.
Preparation: TCM decoction.
Safety: Potent, moderate doses only.

Uses: Pain, fever, inflammation.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Aspirin-like, avoid if allergic.

Uses: Arthritis, inflammation.
Preparation: Capsules.
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Allergies, joint pain.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Diuretic, stinging when fresh.

Uses: Inflammation, joint pain.
Preparation: Capsules.
Safety: Safe in moderation.

Uses: Liver, detox, protectant.
Preparation: Capsule, tincture.
Safety: Safe, rare allergy.

Uses: Liver, bitter, mild laxative.
Preparation: Tea, roasted root.
Safety: Mild diuretic.

Uses: Detox, skin, diuretic.
Preparation: Tea, decoction.
Safety: Safe, may lower blood sugar.

Uses: Liver, bile flow.
Preparation: Capsules, food.
Safety: Safe, avoid with bile duct blockage.

Uses: Mild laxative, skin detox.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: May cause loose stool.

Uses: Liver, digestion, antimicrobial.
Preparation: Tincture, capsules.
Safety: Bitter, not for pregnancy.

Uses: Liver tonic (Ayurveda).
Preparation: Capsules.
Safety: Bitter, use in moderation.

Uses: Detox, hormone balance.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Liver, digestion.
Preparation: Coffee substitute, tea.
Safety: Safe, avoid in gallstones.

Uses: Liver, gallbladder, antimicrobial.
Preparation: Tincture, capsules.
Safety: Not for pregnancy.

Uses: Menopause, detox, mild estrogenic.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Avoid in hormone-sensitive conditions.

Uses: Tone uterus, menstruation.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Safe in moderation.

Uses: PMS, hormonal balance.
Preparation: Capsules, tincture.
Safety: Safe, slow acting.

Uses: Menstrual/menopause, tonic.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Menopause, PMS.
Preparation: Capsules, tincture.
Safety: Caution with liver issues.

Uses: Menstrual pain, labor (historical use).
Preparation: Decoction.
Safety: Not for pregnancy except by professional.

Uses: Menstrual, astringent.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Fertility, hormone balance.
Preparation: Capsules, powder.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Menstrual cramps.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Safe, mild.

Uses: Cough, expectorant, soothing.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Safe, strain tea to avoid hairs.

Uses: Bronchitis, cough.
Preparation: Tea, syrup.
Safety: Safe, essential oil is strong.

Uses: Sore throat, cough.
Preparation: Tea, lozenges.
Safety: Avoid high doses, BP risk.

Uses: Cough, mucus, asthma.
Preparation: Decoction, syrup.
Safety: Large doses may irritate.

Uses: Sore throat, cough, soothing.
Preparation: Cold infusion.
Safety: Very gentle, safe.

Uses: Dry cough.
Preparation: Tea, syrup.
Safety: Caution: pyrrolizidine alkaloids, short-term use only.

Uses: Bronchodilator, asthma.
Preparation: Tincture, tea.
Safety: Potent, low doses only.

Uses: Cough, expectorant.
Preparation: Tincture, tea.
Safety: Potent, avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Cough, sore throat.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Avoid in epilepsy.

Uses: Stress, energy, mood.
Preparation: Capsules, powder.
Safety: Avoid with hyperthyroid.

Uses: Fatigue, focus, stress.
Preparation: Capsules, tincture.
Safety: Stimulating for some.

Uses: Stress, immunity.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Liver, stress, endurance.
Preparation: Berry, tincture.
Safety: Mild, safe.

Uses: Stamina, immunity.
Preparation: Capsules, tincture.
Safety: Mild, safe.

Uses: Energy, immunity, memory.
Preparation: Capsules, decoction.
Safety: Can raise BP, stimulating.

Uses: Energy, stamina, immunity.
Preparation: Capsules, decoction.
Safety: Mild, generally safe.

Uses: Energy, minerals, male tonic.
Preparation: Resin, capsules.
Safety: Source quality matters.

Uses: Energy, libido, hormone support.
Preparation: Powder, capsules.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Longevity, energy, hair.
Preparation: Capsules, decoction.
Safety: Mild laxative effect.

Uses: Skin healing, anti-inflammatory.
Preparation: Salve, tea, wash.
Safety: Very safe, avoid if allergic to aster family.

Uses: Wounds, bone healing.
Preparation: Poultice, salve.
Safety: External use only, contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Uses: Wounds, bites, itching.
Preparation: Poultice, wash.
Safety: Very safe, mild.

Uses: Bleeding, wound healing.
Preparation: Poultice, wash.
Safety: Mild, safe.

Uses: Burns, wounds.
Preparation: Fresh gel.
Safety: External use generally safe.

Uses: Skin, scars, wounds.
Preparation: Tea, topical.
Safety: Safe, mild.

Uses: Antiseptic, skin conditions.
Preparation: Oil, topical.
Safety: Strong, avoid ingestion in pregnancy.

Uses: Antifungal, antibacterial, skin.
Preparation: Oil (diluted).
Safety: External use only.

Uses: Wound healing, gum health.
Preparation: Tincture, wash.
Safety: Bitter, avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Antibacterial, wounds.
Preparation: Tincture, topical.
Safety: Safe, mild.

Uses: UTI prevention.
Preparation: Juice, capsules.
Safety: High doses may upset stomach.

Uses: Urinary antiseptic.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Short-term use only, not for pregnancy.

Uses: Diuretic, UTI.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Diuretic, fluid retention.
Preparation: Tea, food.
Safety: Safe, mild.

Uses: Diuretic, UTI, kidney support.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Mild, safe.

Uses: Diuretic, mineral rich.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: Not for long term, avoid in kidney disease.

Uses: Urinary, antiseptic.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Not for pregnancy.

Uses: Heart tonic, blood pressure.
Preparation: Berry, tea, capsules.
Safety: Mild, safe. Monitor BP with meds.

Uses: Heart palpitations, anxiety.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy.

Uses: Blood pressure, cholesterol.
Preparation: Food, capsules.
Safety: Blood thinning, odor.

Uses: Circulation, memory.
Preparation: Capsules, tea.
Safety: Blood thinning, mild headache.

Uses: Varicose veins.
Preparation: Capsules.
Safety: Not for pregnancy, raw seeds toxic.

Uses: Circulation, warming.
Preparation: Food, topical.
Safety: Can irritate mucosa.

Uses: Circulation.
Preparation: Tincture.
Safety: Mild, generally safe.

Uses: Stimulant, energy, antioxidants.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Caffeine content.

Uses: Aphrodisiac, mood.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Mild, generally safe.

Uses: Alcohol craving, menopause.
Preparation: Capsules, decoction.
Safety: Safe in moderation.

Uses: Circulation, aphrodisiac.
Preparation: Bark, capsules.
Safety: Potent, monitor BP.

Uses: Antifungal, anti-inflammatory.
Preparation: Tea, capsules.
Safety: High doses can thin blood.

Uses: Sore throat, cognitive, menopause.
Preparation: Tea, food.
Safety: Essential oil is toxic internally.

Uses: Nutritive, vitamin rich, milk supply.
Preparation: Powder, tea, food.
Safety: Safe, avoid in early pregnancy.

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, spiritual.
Preparation: Resin, capsules.
Safety: Mild, generally safe.

Uses: Oral health, mild pain.
Preparation: Chew, tincture.
Safety: Numbing effect.

Uses: Adaptogen, stamina.
Preparation: Capsules, decoction.
Safety: Mild, safe.

Uses: Bitter tonic, digestion.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Can cause stomach upset.

Uses: Menstrual cramps, hormone balance.
Preparation: Capsules, tea.
Safety: Not to be confused with pharmaceutical hormones.

Uses: Thyroid calming.
Preparation: Tea, tincture.
Safety: Avoid in hypothyroid.

Uses: Fever, immune support.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Short-term only, mild toxicity in excess.

Uses: Lymphatic, mild diuretic.
Preparation: Tea.
Safety: Generally safe.

Uses: Calm, digestive upset, sleep
Preparation: Tea, compress
Safety: Avoid with ragweed allergy

Uses: Stress, insomnia, skin healing
Preparation: Tea, oil, sachet
Safety: May irritate skin

Uses: Fevers, wounds, menstruation
Preparation: Tea, poultice
Safety: Rare allergy

Uses: Liver, diuretic, digestion
Preparation: Tea, salad, roasted root
Safety: Mild diuretic

Uses: Minerals, allergies, diuretic
Preparation: Tea, soup
Safety: Stinging when fresh

Uses: Colds, flu, immune
Preparation: Syrup, tea
Safety: Raw berries toxic. Cook before use.

Uses: Skin healing, bites, wounds
Preparation: Poultice, tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Heart tonic, BP
Preparation: Berry tea, tincture
Safety: Mild, monitor BP with meds

Uses: Sore throat, cough, soothing
Preparation: Cold infusion
Safety: Gentle, very safe

Uses: Memory, antimicrobial
Preparation: Tea, food, oil
Safety: Avoid large doses in pregnancy

Uses: Nausea, digestion, headache
Preparation: Tea, oil
Safety: Not for infants, potent oil

Uses: Bloating, colic, digestion
Preparation: Tea, chewed seeds
Safety: Safe

Uses: Nausea, digestion, anti-inflammatory
Preparation: Fresh/dried tea, food
Safety: High doses may thin blood

Uses: Appetite, gas, cramp
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy

Uses: Gas, digestion
Preparation: Tea, chew seeds
Safety: Safe

Uses: Bitter, appetite stimulant
Preparation: Tincture, bitters
Safety: Potent, avoid ulcers

Uses: Gas, digestion
Preparation: Tea, food
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Gas, digestion
Preparation: Tea, food
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Gas, flavoring
Preparation: Tea, food
Safety: Safe for most

Uses: Sore throat, reflux
Preparation: Gruel, lozenges
Safety: Drink with water

Uses: Bitter, appetite
Preparation: Tea
Safety: May cause GI upset

Uses: Sleep, anxiety, muscle relaxation
Preparation: Tea, tincture, capsule
Safety: May cause drowsiness

Uses: Calm, sleep, antiviral
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Generally safe

Uses: Nerves, pain, sleep
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Safe in moderation

Uses: Sleep, nervousness
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Mild, safe

Uses: Stress, tension, relaxant
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy

Uses: Nerves, anxiety, heart palpitations
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy

Uses: Sleep, mild pain
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Mild, safe

Uses: Gentle relaxant, colic, kids
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Safe for kids

Uses: Mood, mild depression
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Many med interactions, sun sensitivity

Uses: Focus, stress, cognition
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Mild, safe

Uses: Anxiety, sleep
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Liver caution

Uses: Liver, detox, protectant
Preparation: Capsule, tincture
Safety: Rare allergy

Uses: Detox, skin, diuretic
Preparation: Tea, decoction
Safety: May lower blood sugar

Uses: Liver, mild laxative
Preparation: Tea, roasted root
Safety: Mild diuretic

Uses: Mild laxative, skin detox
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Loose stool in excess

Uses: Liver, antimicrobial
Preparation: Tincture, capsules
Safety: Not for pregnancy

Uses: Detox, skin, hormone balance
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Generally safe

Uses: Liver, digestion
Preparation: Roasted root, tea
Safety: Avoid in gallstones

Uses: Liver, gallbladder, antimicrobial
Preparation: Tincture, capsules
Safety: Not for pregnancy

Uses: Detox, skin, mild estrogenic
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Avoid in hormone-sensitive conditions

Uses: Lymphatic, detox
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Lymph, skin, focus, scars
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Mild, safe

Uses: Liver, cholesterol, digestion
Preparation: Tea, capsules, food
Safety: Not for gallstones

Uses: Inflammation, joints, pain
Preparation: Food, capsules, tea
Safety: High doses: gallstones

Uses: Inflammation, arthritis
Preparation: Capsules, resin
Safety: Mild GI upset

Uses: Pain, headache, fever
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Aspirin allergy: avoid

Uses: Arthritis, pain
Preparation: Capsule, decoction
Safety: Ulcers: caution

Uses: Pain, fevers
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Aspirin allergy: avoid

Uses: Pain, mild sedative
Preparation: TCM decoction
Safety: Moderate doses

Uses: Joint pain, allergies
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Diuretic, stinging

Uses: Joint pain, inflammation
Preparation: Capsules
Safety: Generally safe

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, spiritual
Preparation: Resin, capsules
Safety: Mild, generally safe

Uses: Immune, longevity, adaptogen
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Mild GI upset

Uses: Immunity, antioxidant
Preparation: Decoction, capsules
Safety: Rare allergy

Uses: Energy, stamina, immunity
Preparation: Capsules, decoction
Safety: Generally safe

Uses: Cognition, nerves
Preparation: Capsules, food
Safety: Mild, very safe

Uses: Immune modulation
Preparation: Capsules, decoction
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Immunity, cancer support
Preparation: Food, capsules
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Immunity, anti-tumor
Preparation: Capsules
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Immunity, food, cholesterol
Preparation: Food, capsules
Safety: May cause rash in some

Uses: Stress, adaptogen, energy
Preparation: Powder, capsule
Safety: Avoid with hyperthyroid

Uses: Rejuvenative, vitamin C, immunity
Preparation: Fresh, powder, food
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Female tonic, fertility, moistening
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Nerves, focus, rejuvenative
Preparation: Powder, capsules, tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Immunity, fever, detox
Preparation: Powder, capsules, decoction
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Detox, digestive, longevity
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: Mild laxative

Uses: Respiratory, digestion, detox
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: Mild laxative

Uses: Rejuvenative, digestion, detox
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: Mild laxative

Uses: Adaptogen, immune, stress
Preparation: Tea, powder
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Skin, detox, anti-parasite
Preparation: Powder, oil
Safety: Pregnancy: avoid high doses

Uses: Blood purifier, skin
Preparation: Powder, decoction
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Heart, circulation, tonic
Preparation: Decoction, powder
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Cholesterol, joints, detox
Preparation: Resin, capsules
Safety: Not for pregnancy

Uses: Digestive, stimulant
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: Warming, may aggravate pitta

Uses: Cough, digestion
Preparation: Powder, tea
Safety: Use in moderation

Uses: Digestion, fresh breath
Preparation: Chew, tea, spice
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Cooling, digestion
Preparation: Food, tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Digestion, gas
Preparation: Spice, tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Mood, female health
Preparation: Tea, food
Safety: Expensive, high doses toxic

Uses: Brain, skin, nerves
Preparation: Tea, powder
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Speech, brain, nervous system
Preparation: Powder, tea
Safety: American calamus is carcinogenic—use only Asian variety for internal use

Uses: Mind, nerves, sleep, hair
Preparation: Powder, oil, decoction
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Memory, anxiety, intellect
Preparation: Syrup, powder
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Sleep, calm
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Digestion, gas
Preparation: Spice
Safety: Strong odor, use sparingly

Uses: Qi tonic, energy, immune
Preparation: Decoction, capsules
Safety: May raise BP, stimulating

Uses: Blood tonic, female health
Preparation: Decoction, capsules
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy

Uses: Eyes, immune, longevity
Preparation: Eat berries, tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Sore throat, harmonizer, lungs
Preparation: Tea, decoction, lozenge
Safety: High doses: BP risk

Uses: Adaptogen, liver, stress
Preparation: Berries, tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Longevity, hair, energy
Preparation: Decoction, capsules
Safety: Mild laxative effect

Uses: Immune, energy, recovery
Preparation: Decoction, soup
Safety: Avoid during fever

Uses: Stamina, lungs, kidneys
Preparation: Capsules, decoction
Safety: Mild, generally safe

Uses: Fevers, eyes, cooling
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Female health, blood
Preparation: Decoction, capsules
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, immunity
Preparation: Decoction, tincture
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Immunity, colds, wounds
Preparation: Root tea, tincture
Safety: Rare allergy

Uses: Menopause, PMS
Preparation: Capsules, tincture
Safety: Liver caution

Uses: Antimicrobial, digestion, toothache, infection
Preparation: Tincture, capsules
Safety: Endangered—use sparingly

Uses: Fevers, immune, bones
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Short-term only

Uses: Cramps, hormones
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Not a direct hormone

Uses: Lungs, expectorant
Preparation: Tea, syrup
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Bronchodilator, cough
Preparation: Low-dose tincture
Safety: Potent, low doses

Uses: Diabetes, wounds
Preparation: Food, poultice
Safety: Handle spines with care

Uses: Spring tonic, blood
Preparation: Tea, root beer
Safety: Not for pregnancy

Uses: Appetite suppressant
Preparation: Capsules
Safety: Rare, do not overuse

Uses: Nutritive, vitamin C
Preparation: Powder, food
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Immune, inflammation
Preparation: Decoction, capsules
Safety: Not for pregnancy

Uses: Antifungal, antimicrobial
Preparation: Bark decoction
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy

Uses: Adaptogen, stamina
Preparation: Decoction, capsules
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, skin
Preparation: Oil, topical
Safety: External use preferred

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, spiritual
Preparation: Resin, capsules
Safety: Mild, generally safe

Uses: Wounds, mouth, spiritual
Preparation: Resin, wash
Safety: Avoid in pregnancy

Uses: Digestion, nerves, immune
Preparation: Food, tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Sore throat, menopause, digestion
Preparation: Tea, food
Safety: Avoid essential oil internally

Uses: Antimicrobial, cough
Preparation: Food, tea
Safety: Strong as oil—dilute for topical use

Uses: Cough, antimicrobial
Preparation: Tea, food, syrup
Safety: Essential oil very potent

Uses: Diuretic, breath freshener, minerals
Preparation: Food, juice
Safety: Large doses in pregnancy: avoid

Uses: Blood pressure, antimicrobial
Preparation: Food, capsules
Safety: Blood thinning

Uses: Immune, heart, cough
Preparation: Food, syrup
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Heavy metal detox, digestion
Preparation: Food, juice
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Mood, heart, cooling, skin
Preparation: Tea, oil, topical
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Mood, aphrodisiac
Preparation: Tea, oil, fragrance
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Calming, skin, sleep
Preparation: Tea, oil, fragrance
Safety: Skin sensitivity for some

Uses: Fevers, colds, skin
Preparation: Tea, syrup
Safety: Raw parts toxic

Uses: Blood pressure, cooling
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Mild, very safe

Uses: Skin healing, anti-inflammatory
Preparation: Tea, salve, oil
Safety: Avoid if aster allergy

Uses: Calm, digestive
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Ragweed allergy caution

Uses: Euphoria, sleep, relaxation
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Use responsibly

Uses: Vitamins, minerals, energy
Preparation: Powder, tea, food
Safety: Avoid in early pregnancy

Uses: Minerals, nutritive, milk supply
Preparation: Tea, sprouts
Safety: May aggravate lupus

Uses: Nervous system, minerals
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Female tonic, minerals
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Very safe

Uses: Iodine, minerals
Preparation: Food, powder
Safety: Seaweed allergy caution

Uses: Minerals, hair, allergies
Preparation: Tea, soup
Safety: Stinging fresh, safe when dried

Uses: Aphrodisiac, circulation
Preparation: Bark, capsules
Safety: Potent, monitor BP

Uses: Stimulant, antioxidants
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Caffeine

Uses: Energy, stimulant
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: High caffeine

Uses: Relaxation, anxiety
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Caution: liver

Uses: Stress, fatigue, adaptogen
Preparation: Capsules, tincture
Safety: Stimulating for some

Uses: Mood, aphrodisiac
Preparation: Tea, tincture
Safety: Mild, generally safe

Uses: Energy, libido, adaptogen
Preparation: Powder, capsules
Safety: Generally safe

Uses: Longevity, hair
Preparation: Decoction, capsules
Safety: Mild laxative effect

Uses: Adaptogen, immune, mood
Preparation: Tea, capsules
Safety: Limited data, generally safe

Uses: Headaches, nerves
Preparation: Tea
Safety: Very safe